ROM, RAM and optimiser...

[TorAtle]

PIC16F877.

Question: when near the limits of RAM usage, why does ROM start to suffer? I am trying to understand what the optimiser is thinking. Scenario:

ROM=7361, RAM worst case=276

Introducing int16 test[20] globally makes perfectly sense - ROM=7369, RAM worst case=316 (87%)

However increasing the size of the array above 20 will result in ROM usage, and I get out of ROM very quickly.

I can only assume that even though it looks like there's more RAM available the compiler makes use of it for optimising purposes. Can anyone shed any light on this and perhaps offer any workarounds?

[SteveS]

I think I know why, but I'm not sure; but here's how to figure it out:

Compile both ways and compare the listings. Then you'll know exactly what the compiler was thinking...

I suggest "Freediff" at http://www.saltybrine.com/ if you don't already have a file compare program.

- SteveS

[TorAtle]

Not very easy to see, as the addresses at the beginning of each line differs from a certain point and thus makes everything after that point "different".

I have 5 int16 arrays (none of them large). From what I could see, it moved one of them from one bank to another.

Btw, there's only one function which uses these arrays, and it takes a pointer to one of them as input. Could the code of this function be duplicated or something like this due to the input parameter pointing to different memory banks?

[Ttelmah]

[Guest]

Ttelmah,

thanks a lot for that advice, you were spot on!

After some head scratching I came to the conclusion that finding the optimum memory bank for all the variables would be an impossible task, so what to do? Brute force!

I now have a little utility crunching away, testing every combination. Only 5% done so far but already I've saved over 300 bytes. That's about 5% less program memory used. Will report the final result when the utility is done.

[TorAtle]

Sorry for failing to log in before my last post (above).

The utility I mentioned is now finished. First of all - the algorithm was flawed . It didn't go through all the combinations, not even close. In my case I had 72 global vars, the utility tested 72*71 combination. The correct answer is 72!, so quite a long way from it.

The idea was ok, though. In my case the difference between worst and best case was around 800 bytes (not including those combinations who resulted in 'out of rom'), or 10% of total program memory.

At this point I am unsure how to make a more clever algorithm, or in fact it it's worth the trouble. Two approaches that might yield reasonable results:
1) Count and sort the global vars; most used at the top.
2) Random order. Stop the utility when you're satisfied with the result.

[ckielstra]

This is a great idea! A tool for computing the optimal memory layout!

How did you do this?
Do you have all your global variables in a separate file and are you shuffling the lines in this file around?

I try to implement my programs with the concept of object orientation in mind, so I have a lot of separate files. I don't like to have my global variables in one single file, but in the CCS compiler this seems the only way to have some control over the memory layout. I also like to make some variables static to a function but ran into the same memory mapping problems.

What if we can play around a bit with your idea of a tool, and then ask CCS to integrate it in the compiler? The compiler is much more versatile and knows about all global variables, then you don't have to collect them in a single place but can scatter them all over your source files where they belong.
I like this concept!

Of course it should be possible to turn this optimization on/off.

[Ttelmah]

[TorAtle]

I have implemented the other 2 approaches I mentioned:

1) Count & sort - very good. Did better in my case than the flawed BruteForce method by 4 bytes...
2) Random - I won't say "better" or "worse" but I let it run overnight and it produced the best result. The reason for this is of course that it found a better combination than the flawed BruteForce. By luck! :-)

So...the Count&Sort looks like the best option - it's very fast and produces a good result.

I can clean up the code a bit and include all 3 methods if anyone would like to play?

[ckielstra]

Sounds good! I'm interrested in the count&sort method.

Thanks for sharing this knowledge with us!

[TorAtle]

http://home.c2i.net/toratlel/opt

Get opt.exe and save it in your project folder. To use the Count & Sort method, you will also need grep.exe and wc.exe, so download these too.

Grep.exe, wc.exe and also ccsc.exe (the compiler) must be somewhere referenced to by the %PATH% environment variable.

What you need to do:
Backup your files first!
1) Move all the global vars to <MyProject>.h

No tab's. Comments must ble placed after the declaration like so:
int16 iNumber; // comment here
Clear lines will degrade speed for the flawed BruteForce method.

2) Move all #define's and struct definitions to <MyProject>_define.h

3) Include those two files in your main source code file like so:
#include "myproject_define.h"
#include "myproject_opt.h"

Run opt.exe in a console window. To see the options, just run opt.exe without any arguments.

Let me say straight away that error handling is limited. If you have any questions or get any error messages you can't sort then email me at [email protected]